Structure characteristic of Tube Bundle booster after cooler

This kind of cooler are bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger, it is composed of casing、tube bundle、tube box and separator and so on. The specific heat exchanging process is as follow：After heat air flow into gas inlet connect piping, and then swerve to cross outside of the fin, and exchange heat with cooling water in the pipe. Cooled air is separated into oil and gas through separator, and then it flow out to circle from gas outlet tube via turning, thereby complete two courses of heat exchanging and separation. Due to process air flow through tube bundle, its pressure lost will be smaller than traditional baffle plate heat exchanger.

   The casing of bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger is composed of front-end plate、barrel、gas inlet connecting and flanges、gas outlet connecting and flanges、rear-end plate、saddle、seal plate、slide way and so on. Front-end plate is rotundity with square hole opened on it, where the tube bundle thrust into casing. It has advantage of strong capacity of bearing inner pressure and simple manufacturing. Gas inlet and outlet connecting are arranged separately at two sides of barrel. Connecting flange adopt loose flange，which can settle problems such as centering in course of piping installation. Rear-end plate often adopt rotundity slab, the heat exchanger with bigger diameter or bearing bigger pressure also can adopt ellipse head. 

The saddle adopted by this suites of inter-stage cooler is spring pedestal，which can remove temperature difference stress existing in the course of working of inter-stage cooler and portion axial\radial stress in piping.  Seal plate is divided into upper spacer、lower spacer、rear spacer. The material of seal bar is silicon rubber, due to seal bar is easy to damage, we make the connection between seal bar and spacer design into bolt connection. After seal bar meet the tube bundle, it separate casing into two portions that is gas inlet and outlet so that succeed to prevent gas is short circuit. The design of slide way by our company is replaceable type. It is better to settle the problem of replacing. Condensation water exhaust outlet is set at the end of casing, where the condensation water flow out from head exchanger.

   The tube bundle of bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger is composed of heat exchanging tube、tube sheet、upper and lower side plate and wheel assembly etc. heat exchanging tube adopted bi-metal rolling compound fin tube. Tube sheet adopted compound tube sheet material. For processing precision of tube hole, it should be according to GB151. Connection of tube sheet and heat exchanger adopt welding structure. Between tube sheet and upper & lower side plate adopt bolt connection. Upper & lower side plate can be taken out in course of checking and repair for the purpose of washing completely for tube bundle. Channel steel and reinforcement strip on upper & lower side plate are playing the strengthening rules. In additional, the surface of channel steel contact with seal bar of upper & lower spacer to come true seal structure. Sliding unit of this heat exchanger adopt structure of wheel and slide way for assembling easily, wheel assembly and lower side plate adopt bolt connection for replacing in time.

   Tube tank of bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger divided into fore-tube tank and rear-tube tank. Number of water-circle need to confirm according to the request of casing diameter and heat-exchanging. In general there are 2、4、6 water-circle number, and it rely on U type seal washer to detach the circle. Numbers of seal channel are made between two bolt holes, screw plug press the O ring tightly to make tube tank and fore-end tube plate connect together. Gas outlet and water discharge are set on fore-tube tank. Gas outlet can ensure that cooling water can be filled in all tube bundle in early operation of heat exchanger. Water discharge is used in checking and repair, it can remove cooling water in pipe.

   The separator of bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger is composed of separator frame and wire mesh demister etc.. The material of separator frame is stainless steel. In order to ensure separating effect, wire mesh demister always adopt high-efficiency type. When the length of heater is more than two meter, it adopt multi-separator, with the structure connected by bolt between separators or separator and casing for convenient checking and repair.

   Bi-metal rolling compound fin tube type heat exchanger is with advantage of low power consumption、small pressure lost、good proof-rust、high heat exchanging efficiency. Nowadays it has been widely used in air-separation industry. 

Closed-Loop Plate Cooler Systems 101

Cooling tower systems have been used by industry for years to provide a means of removing waste heat generated by machinery or manufacturing processes. A simplified cooling tower system consists of a pump to circulate water to the heat-producing equipment or process (heat load), where the heat is transferred to the water. The water is then pumped to the cooling tower where it is cooled (figure 1).
The cooling tower contains a surface, commonly called fill. The warm water entering the cooling tower is distributed uniformly over the fill area and flows vertically downward.

Fans force air to flow across the saturated fill either horizontally (crossflow) or vertically (counterflow), causing a small portion of the circulated water to evaporate. The evaporation of some of the water removes the heat from the remaining water. The cooled water is collected in the tower basin or an external tank or reservoir (referred to as a cold well), which is located beneath the tower or inside a building. The cooled water is then pumped back to the heat source and the process repeats itself.

Therefore, a cooling tower system recirculates the cooling water, which comes in direct contact with ambient atmospheric air, or is open to the environment, and uses the process of evaporation to reject heat to the environment.

The negative aspect of a cooling tower is the cooling water is directly open to the environment. Airborne particulate contaminants are washed out of the air by the water flowing over the tower. The water also absorbs oxygen and other gases, including products of air pollution. The evaporation process causes the minerals that were initially dissolved in the water to be left behind as fine, highly abrasive particles. It also causes the mineral concentration of the remaining water to increase. As a result, cooling tower water quickly becomes highly contaminated water that causes fouling, scaling, corrosion and erosion of heat transfer surfaces. These detrimental effects can increase maintenance costs as well as incur unscheduled equipment and process downtime and loss of productivity.

By contrast, a closed-loop cooling system circulates coolant and rejects heat using heat exchangers in such a manner that the coolant does not come into direct contact with the environment at any time. The coolant remains clean, uncomtaminated, and does not cause fouling, scaling, corrosion or erosion of heat transfer surfaces.

There are three principle types of closed-loop cooling systems to consider: air-cooled or dry (no water is consumed), evaporative (heat is rejected using the process of evaporation, water is consumed) and liquid-to-liquid.

Dry Type or Air-Cooled. This system uses an air-cooled heat exchanger or radiator to reject heat to ambient atmospheric air (figure 2). It is the industrial equivalent to an automobile engine cooling system. The coolant, usually a glycol/water mixture, is circulated through the heat load, then to the air-cooled heat exchanger, where heat is rejected to the environment (ambient atmospheric air). The advantage of this system is the total elimination of water consumption and sewer disposal costs. Water-cooled machinery becomes air-cooled.

An air-cooled heat exchanger can only cool the coolant to a temperature above the prevailing ambient dry bulb temperature. A typical design dry bulb temperature is usually the 1 percent summer design condition as found on ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Engineers) tables. A typical value for much of the continental United States is 95oF. The cool coolant temperature is determined by the selection of the approach temperature (approach temperature is the cool coolant temperature design dry bulb temperature) of the air-cooled heat exchanger to worst-case summer dry-bulb temperature. A typical and practical approach temperature for an air-cooled heat exchanger is 10oF (-12oC) or greater. Therefore, typical cool coolant temperatures for an air-cooled closed loop cooling system for much of the continental United States is 105oF (41oC) or higher.
Temperature control of the coolant is accomplished by cycling the air-cooled heat exchanger fans on and off in response to the temperature of the cool coolant leaving the heat exchanger. This prevents over-cooling of the coolant during cold weather operation.

The closed-loop dry cooling system is suitable for cooling reciprocating air compressors, hydraulic equipment, various types of furnaces, quenching and other types of equipment or processes capable of operating at elevated coolant temperatures.

Evaporative Type. This type of system uses a closed-circuit evaporative fluid cooler and the process of evaporation to remove heat from the coolant. An evaporative fluid cooler usually consists of a serpentine steel coil, galvanized on the exterior surface; a water basin; a spray pump with water-distribution piping; and a fan.

The coolant, usually a glycol/water mixture, is circulated by means of a process pump through the heat load, absorbing heat, and then flows to the coil in the evaporative fluid cooler. The fluid cooler spray pump pumps water from the fluid cooler basin and sprays the water uniformly across the exterior surface of the coil. The fan blows air across the wet surface on the outside of the coil. The forced evaporation of some of the water on the coil surface cools the coolant flowing through the coil. The coolant is never in contact with the environment, hence the name, "closed circuit fluid cooler."

Evaporative cooling devices such as cooling towers and fluid coolers work on an approach to wet bulb temperature. Wet bulb is a function of the moisture content, or relative humidity, of ambient air. ASHRAE tables are again used to determine the wet bulb for a given locality, and the 1 percent summer design condition typically is used. Approach temperatures are usually 5 to 7oF (2.78 to 3.89oC) or greater to design wet bulb temperature. For much of the continental United States, a typical design wet bulb temperature is 78oF (26oC) with cool coolant temperatures of 85oF (29oC) possible.

Temperature control of the coolant is accomplished by cycling on and off the fans that force the air to flow over the coil. Fan dampers can also be used on fluid coolers having centrifugal fans. An increasingly popular method of control is to use a variable frequency drive to control fan motor speed and therefore evaporation rate.

The spray water portion of the fluid cooler, like a cooling tower, is open to the environment, so it will become contaminated by airborne debris. Maintenance usually consists of cleaning debris from the basin on an as-needed basis.

A cooling system that uses evaporation as the means of rejecting heat consumes water and requires make-up water to continue to operate. A typical water consumption rate for a cooling tower or closed evaporative fluid cooler is 4 gal/min for each 1 million BTU/hr of heat load, with 2 gal/min being lost directly to evaporation, and 2 gal/min going to drain, (blowdown). The purpose of the water going to drain or blowdown, is to remove some of the impurities that are washed into the water, and to allow makeup water to replace water lost to blowdown to dilute the buildup of mineral concentration caused by the evaporation of the water. A proper blowdown rate is critical to successful operation of an evaporative fluid cooler. An increase in the concentration of minerals in the spray water can cause scale to form on the fluid cooler coil and reduce its ability to reject heat.

Liquid-to-Liquid Type. This type of cooling system utilizes shell-and-tube or plate-and-frame heat exchangers to transfer the heat from one cooling fluid to another (figure 3).
The coolant -- usually a glycol/water mixture, but treated water, deionized water or other fluid can be used -- is circulated through the heat load, absorbing waste heat. Then, the mixture travels to the heat exchanger, where the heat is transferred to another cooling fluid such as cooling tower, chilled, well, river, lake or ocean water, or a closed-loop glycol/water system as previously described.
When one of the cooling fluids such as cooling tower water is contaminated, and fouling of the heat exchanger is likely, then a standby heat exchanger is desirable. Should the operating heat exchanger become fouled for any reason, valves permit the fouled heat exchanger to be isolated from the system. This way, the heat exchanger can be cleaned without shutting down the system or the equipment being cooled.
The temperature of the coolant in a liquid-to-liquid closed loop system is determined by the design approach temperature of the heat exchanger and the maximum cool entering temperature of the fluid doing the cooling. The approach temperature for a heat exchanger is the difference between the leaving temperature of the fluid being cooled (hot side) and the entering temperature of the fluid doing the cooling (cold side).
For example, if the cold-side cooling fluid is cooling tower water that is available on a worst case basis at 85oF (29oC), and a plate-and-frame heat exchanger is used with a 5oF (-15oC) design approach temperature, then the coolest possible hot-side coolant temperature is 90oF (32oC).
Temperature control of the coolant can be accomplished by using a control valve to regulate the flow of the cold-side fluid in response to the leaving hot-side coolant temperature. This is desirable only if the cold-side coolant is clean and contaminant-free. If the cold-side fluid is contaminated with solids, then a control valve that will bypass varying amounts of hot side coolant in response to its leaving temperature is used. The fluid that is contaminated with solids should be allowed to flow at a maximum rate to keep the velocity high and minimize the possibility of solids dropping out and fouling the heat exchanger.
A variant of a liquid-to-liquid cooling system is a liquid-to-refrigerant cooling system, which is a chilled water system. Chilled water, or the chilled coolant side of the system, can be open or closed while the refrigerant side of the system is always closed.

The coolant used in a closed system is usually an ethylene glycol/water mixture. Ethylene glycol is considered a hazardous, toxic material. If toxicity is a concern, propylene glycol can be used; however, propylene glycol has poorer heat transfer characteristics than ethylene glycol and is more expensive. The type of glycol used and the concentration of the mixture affect the circulating pump and heat exchanger selection regardless of cooling system type.

The glycol selected for use, either ethylene or propylene, should be industrial grade and contain an inhibitor package consisting of corrosion inhibitors, a buffer to neutralize acid formation and a foam suppressant. Automobile antifreeze should not be used.

The level of freeze protection required determines the concentration of the glycol. Table 1 displays the concentration level as related to the degree of freeze protection provided by ethylene glycol/water mixtures by volume. The 30 percent water/glycol mixture shown in table 1 is the minimum practical concentration at which the inhibitor package is effective. Glycol/water mixtures of less than 30 percent result in the inhibitor package being so diluted that it is not effective. The percentage of glycol/water mixture by volume is first determined by the level of freeze protection required (determined by worst winter temperatures at the installation site), with 30 percent glycol/water being the minimum allowable mixture. If freezing conditions are not expected to be encountered, then city water with an acceptable corrosion inhibiter is suitable for use.

Closed-loop cooling systems provide clean, nonfouling, nonscaling, noncorrosive coolant for many types of industrial equipment and processes. Equipment and cooling system maintenance costs are reduced, and equipment reliability and productivity are increased. Equipment life is extended. Accurate temperature control of the coolant is provided, further increasing the reliability of critical equipment.

More plate cooler details over here.

The Benefits of a Heat Exchanger

The newest technology in the world of heat exchangers has been truly revolutionary and it has created a lot of ease for its users. Heat exchangers are mainly used to transfer heat from one machine or device to another one. Many people do not know this but a heat exchanger is one of the main things used in a number of household appliances. Many of them use it to transfer energy and to make sure that the appliance runs smoothly and effectively. There are a number of different heat exchangers that people can buy off the markets. However, there are some qualities that all heat exchangers have which all users will benefit from.

Adaptability

The newest technology in heat exchangers, especially those that operate as plate heat exchangers are incredibly friendly to change and are all highly adaptable. This makes them flexible and allows them to be used in a number of different tasks. Most importantly, heat exchangers have become more and more adaptable to size. Before the newest models became available, it was highly common for heat exchangers to be about the size of a huge refrigerator. Now, however, they are compact and are swiftly reducing in size, allowing them to be used in gadgets that are smaller and smaller. They are now commonly used in small, portable heat generators and air conditioners.

Maintenance Costs

Another plus point of the heat exchanger is the fact that it does not cost as much to buy as it used to. Before the advent of the latest technology used in heat exchangers, it was common practice to use expensive fabric in its manufacture and thus, it cost a lot of money. Now, however, the fabric used to construct the heat exchangers have fallen in price and thus, the price of heat exchangers has gone down as well. Moreover, the maintenance costs of the appliance are very little as well. Plate exchangers can be removed very easily and cleaned up quickly. This is a rather new development as earlier it used to be very expensive to clean heat exchangers.

Many Uses

As described before, heat exchangers have many different uses since they are so very flexible to use. They are used in things like microwaves and air conditioners. They can be used in both ACs and in heat generators. The model and basic idea behind it is very simple and thus, one can easily adapt the basic model and make it work in a number of different appliances. Heat exchanger models are so adaptable that they are everywhere to be found and are currently used in a number of different appliances by people. For example, it can be used in domestic appliances as well as nuclear and chemical plants – all at once. 

Materials

An average heat exchange system is available in a number of different materials as well. Each specific designed is made to fit a specific use or specific system of an appliance. Nickel, titanium, stainless steel, Inconel, Tantalum and palladium are just a few of the materials out of which this can be constructed.

Even though an average heat exchanger has many different benefits, there are a few limitations to the appliance as well. If the two substances have a very varied temperature, it is likely that the heat exchanger may cause a few problems. It may end up leaking out water or even a hazardous substance in a safer environment. Thus, it is important to make sure that before putting the thing to actual use, one makes sure that they have read the safety manuals and have taken the necessary steps described in them. It is important to remember that one needs to be able to handle emergency situations. 

Job Description for Safety and Environmental Master for Marine Services

General Responsibilities for Safety and Environmental Protection

The Master shall operate the vessel with the safety of the passengers and crew foremost in mind by directing the vessel in order to prevent a casualty.  In addition, the Master shall operate the vessel in a safe manner to minimize the risk of pollution to the environment.

Specific Responsibilities:

The Master is required:

·         to be adept with the vessel’s structure and layout;

·         to be fully familiar with the vessel’s safety management system;

·         to familiarize all first time crew members for the first time with the management system, safety requirements, instructions, and facilities on board the vessel; and

·         to update established personnel whenever any changes occur in the management system, equipment or safety instructions.

Repairs and Alterations

The Master shall:

·         notify the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI) as soon as practicable after repairs or alternations are made during an emergency.

·         notify the cognizant OCMI as soon as practicable that the seal on a boiler safety valve on a vessel is broken.

·         conduct the inspection and enter the results of the inspection in the vessel logbook when not in a port or a place in the United States or its territories and possessions, and when a marine chemist or a person authorized by the cognizant OCMI is not available.

·         obtain a copy of certificates issued by the certified marine chemist or the other person authorized by the cognizant OCMI, and ensure that all conditions on the certificates are observed and that the vessel is maintained in a safe condition.

·         maintain safe conditions on the vessel by requiring full observance, by persons under his or her control, of all requirements listed in the certificate.

Material Inspections

The Master shall destroy each fire hose found to be defective and incapable of repair in the presence of a marine inspector.

Marine Casualties and Voyage Records

The Master shall report:

·         damage to a boiler, unfired pressure vessel, or machinery that renders use of the item unsafe until repairs are made, to the OCMI at the port where the casualty occurred or nearest the port of first arrival, as soon as practicable.

·         the following entries in the Official Logbook:

-        each legal conviction of a seaman of the vessel and the punishment inflicted;

-        each offense committed by a seaman of the vessel for which it is intended to prosecute or to enforce under a forfeiture, together with statements about reading the entry and the reply made to the charge as required by 46 U.S.C. 11502;

-        a statement of the conduct, character, and qualifications of each seaman of the vessel or a statement that the master declines to give an opinion about that conduct, character, and qualifications;

-        each illness of or injury to a seaman of the vessel, the nature of the illness or injury, and the medical treatment;

-        each death on board, with the cause of death, and if a seaman, the following information required by 46 U.S.C. 10702:

*        the wages due to a seaman who dies during the voyage and the gross amount of all deductions to be made from the wages;

*        the sale of the property of a seaman who dies during the voyage, including a statement of each article sold and the amount received for the property;

-        each birth on board, with the sex of the infant and name of the parents;

-        each marriage on board, with the names and ages of the parties;

-        the name of each seaman who ceases to be a crew member (except by death), with the place, time, manner, and the cause why the seaman ceased to be a crew member; and

-        immediately after a marine casualty occurs, write a statement about the casualty and the circumstances under which it occurred.

Miscellaneous Operating Requirements

The Master shall:

·         determine vessel compliance with all applicable stability requirements in the vessel's trim and stability book, stability letter, Certificate of Inspection, and Load Line Certificate after loading and prior to departure and at other times necessary to assure the safety of the vessel.

·         take necessary precautions to see that all vehicles have their motors turned off and their emergency brakes set when the vessel is underway.  Also, that the motors are not started until the vessel is secured to the landing, and a vehicle at each end of a line of vehicles or next to a loading ramp has its wheels securely blocked while the vessel is being navigated.

·         ensure that appropriate "NO SMOKING" signs are posted.

·         take all necessary precautions to prevent smoking or carrying of lighted or smoldering pipes, cigars, cigarettes or similar items in the deck area where automobiles or other vehicles are located.

·         prior to getting underway, ensure that vehicles are properly distributed consistent with the guidance in the vessel's stability letter and Certificate of Inspection, if applicable.

·         ensure that whenever an automatic pilot is used:

-        it is possible to immediately establish manual control of the vessel's steering;

-        a competent person is ready at all times to take over steering control; and

-        the changeover from automatic to manual steering and vice versa is made by, or under the supervision of, the master or the mate on watch.

Preparations for Emergencies

The Master shall:

·         conduct sufficient drills and give sufficient instructions to make sure that all crew members are familiar with their duties during emergencies that necessitate abandoning ship, or the recovery of persons who have fallen overboard.

·         conduct sufficient fire drills to make sure that each crew member is familiar with his or her duties in case of a fire.

Emergency Responsibilities:

The master of the vessel is responsible for directing the movement of the vessel and the actions of the crew in an emergency.

Unless otherwise delegated, the Master of a small passenger vessel is responsible for the following tasks in an emergency:

·         MAY DAY call to Coast Guard/maintain communications with rescue resources.

·         Maneuvering vessel to minimize the effects of wind on a fire.

·         Issuance of clear orders/instructions to the crew and passengers.

Master’s Authority

The Master has the overriding authority to make decisions with regard to safety and environmental protection.

Air Cooler – Why is it Important

A lot of places in the world has warmer climates and there are many places where it is simply too hot in and out of summers as well. Over the past few years, global warming has also become a major reason for the immense amount of heat that has been increased over a large scale in many countries across the globe. People need to figure out ways through which they can not only combat the heat, but they can also do it in an easy and convenient manner. An air cooler allows people to acquire just the right amount of cooling and clean breathing environment they are looking for in the first place, which is exactly why it is so highly recommended.

Cooling Large Spaces

Many individuals these days use air conditioners for the purpose of acquiring cold air in the warm summers but while this is a great source, the air cooler is a much better one in comparison because it does not only offer short-term benefits, but it also has a wide range of long-term benefits to offer. These kinds of coolers are known to completely cool the air within a matter of some minutes. The best part is that these cooler spread more quickly and are responsible for effectively cooling down large spaces which may otherwise take a while to cool up.

Removal of Odor from the Air

On the other hand, an air cooler also tends to remove all traces of odor from the air. This goes out for both massive and small spaces that need some clean air. Most of the times, when the air is polluted by foul odor, people can become immensely suffocated. However, with the usage of these coolers, odor can be removed from the air for once and all, and that too without facing any trouble in the matter. One can now enjoy clean and odor-free environment with the help of this useful machine.

High End Ventilation

The ventilation of air is exceptionally important for places where a lot of people may be gathering. This is due to the fact that the amount of air can decrease and the atmosphere may become rather humid and full of odor as well. Since there is no proper way to ensure ventilation in huge places with massive crowds, the usage of an air cooler is surely going to make a big difference within a short period of time. Ventilation levels are said to increase by a long shot in the process of using these coolers to carry out the otherwise arduous task.

Removal of Dust from the Air

Dust particles exist in the external environment in uncountable numbers. Not only does dust pollute the surroundings completely, but it also tends to make it hard for anyone to breathe properly. Hence, it is a very difficult problem to solve – one that can only be solved immediately by an air cooler. With the help of these coolers, people can effectively remove all the dirt particles that exist in the air. This process can be repeated until an entire house, office, or any area that needs cleaning, is free from dirt particles lurking around. A major reason behind investing in these coolers is generally due to the fact that they remove dust from the air and make it cool at the same time.

Easy Availability

Individuals these days wish to have fresh air to breathe in at all times and due to these cooler, it has now become quite possible. A lot of people should know that these coolers are available on sale everywhere and can be acquired at reasonable prices from the market as well as from notable online storefronts they trust for online shopping. Using this effective machine only makes everyday life much easier. 

Ultrasonic Cleaning – The Importance

With more and more kinds of cleaning being introduced in today’s world, finding the most appropriate one can take some time but with ultrasonic cleaning being on the top of the list, it really is not going to take a lot of time. It is considered to be one of the most efficient and effective types of cleaning that are available for everyone in the present times. With all of its short as well as long-term benefits, investing in it is something that all individuals must pay attention to in order to have any sort of cleaning down according to their needs.

Time Saving

Through ultrasonic cleaning, cleaning off equipment as well as many other things has now become possible. This is the best way for people to save time in the process of cleaning as manual cleaning is not only hectic, but it also takes a long period of time that can otherwise be spent doing many different urgent tasks. As it requires less time, most people these days can be seen to be drawn to it and according to many surveys, a massive amount of people have tested it only to see how useful it is in the long run.

Removal of Contaminants

On the other hand, ultrasonic cleaning is something that removes all kinds of contaminants such as grease, oil, pigments, wax, dirt, dust and so many more. These are usually found on many items which are available within homes. Hence, the only proper and fast way for getting rid of these contaminants is to indulge in this cleaning as is truly does the work done swiftly and does not require many efforts in the process. In comparison with manual cleaning, this works best since the removal of such contaminants can otherwise be very difficult and sometimes, it can even be pretty much near impossible. However, with this sort of cleaning, it definitely can be taken care of.

Cleaning Different Materials

The best part is the fact that ultrasonic cleaning can be used on a wide range of different equipment that are made of various materials such as metal, ceramic, rubber, plastic and glass. This leaves very little and enables individuals to actually clean away any sort of contaminants on such materials without having to struggle too much in the process at all. With manual cleaning, the cleaning of such materials has now become possible because otherwise, cleaning everything such as glassware as well as metals can be something that may take a very long period of time.

Eco-Friendly

One very important thing to know is that ultrasonic cleaning is completely environmental friendly. This means that this sort of cleaning does not harm the overall surroundings in any possible way. Therefore, it is said to be one of the most eco-friendly and safest ways for cleaning any kinds of tools, equipment and items. On the other hand, it also does not harm the hands or the body in any way, which is what most people require in the first place.

The Verdict

With all that this particular type of cleaning has to offer, individuals should go for it since it allows them not to save time as well as a lot of effort, but it also saves them from the trouble of spending too many other methods of manual cleaning which can prove to be rather useless as well as expensive, for that matter. Before acquiring this sort of cleaning, learning everything there is about it is exceptionally important for people. It is currently being labeled as the fastest, and the most efficient way of cleaning equipment without having to face any sort of hindrances in the matter; thus, it is highly recommended. 

Pros of Fresh Water Generators

Over the past couple of years, the fresh water generator has managed to achieve a huge amount of importance from a lot of people. This is due to the fact that generators come in handy for many reasons, all of which are unique and what all individuals require in the first place. These are mainly used for the purpose of converting sea water to fresh water. While sea water is not edible or can be consumed in any appropriate way, this generator becomes rather helpful in the process of making sea water fresh in a short period of time.

Easy to Operate

A fresh water generator is something that everyone needs, especially for people who travel a lot and spend a lot of time on ships. The process of converting sea water to fresh water can be simply impossible and had it not been for these generators, people would still be looking for various other ways to carry out the task. These generators are easy to use on a day to day basis. This means that everyone can use it without having to have any prior technical knowledge. On the other hand, there is nothing difficult about these generators also because they are made for general use.

Low Maintenance

What makes a fresh water generator worth its cost is the fact that it requires very low maintenance. While many people think that it is not simply true, these generators require no extra cleaning or an addition of other machines and equipment in order to run the generator on a daily basis in the future. Any ship crew or an individual on ships and boats can actually use it daily and save time on the low maintenance for this particular generator. The generator offers very easy access to anyone who wishes to use it. It does not require a good amount of maintenance for long periods of time.

Quick Installation

When it comes to the important matter of installation, a fresh water generator hardly takes up a lot of time. This means that people can have it installed without having to struggle too much in the matter, making it a great choice for the conversion of sea water to fresh water within a little amount of time. Usually these generators are not as huge as one may expect them to be, making them rather portable and easy to install due to their compact size that is most unlikely for a generator.

Low Operational Costs

The operational costs are also rather low in comparison. This is due to the fact that less fuel is used in the process of converting sea water to the fresh one. A fresh water generator is usually the kind of machinery which is used for a long period of time and even in short, it lasts for more than ten years. Different brands offer generators which are unique in their own way; therefore, the choice is completely up to people and they can always decide according to whatever they prefer more.

Water of Low Salinity

The production of low salinity water is the result of using these generators; thus, those who are looking for acquiring this particular feature should definitely go for these generators as they can surely bring out their desired results in the near future. These generators are usually equipped with electric motors as well as water pumps, which come in handy in the job the machine has to carry out. Some of these generators also have steam heating systems built in inside them. The usage of these generators these days has already helped a great deal of people in the process of converting sea water into fresh water; and those who have not yet brought it should really do so now. 

How Ultrasonic Cleaning Works

By definition, ultrasonic cleaning refers to the complete and rapid removal of all contaminants from objects through the process of immersing them into a tank of liquid that is flooded with high frequency sound waves. A scrubbing action within the fluid itself is created by these sound waves that are non-audible. This particular process occurs through a high frequency electrical energy which is converted into sound waves of high frequency by a transducer. This is then known as ultrasonic energy. The transducer, being the core of the unit, is form where it derives its ability to clean the most difficult of substances from items. The transducer’s performance is from where the cleaning power of the unit stems.

The cleaning time as well as the efficacy achieved during the cleaning cycle both are affected by the efficiency of the transducer. More power is used by a transducer of poor quality and it also takes a longer time to clean the objects as compared to a transducer of good quality. This is the reason why it is wise that one should invest in a benchmark transducer so that they can benefit from a faster and more efficient cleaning unit.

The rapid formation as well as the collapse of minute bubbles is caused when the ultrasonic energy enters the liquid within the tank. This phenomenon is called cavitation. Before imploding against the surface of the item, the bubbles start to increase in size rapidly as they are immersed in the tank with a huge energy release that lifts all the contaminants off of the surface as well as the innermost recesses of parts that are intricately shaped.

Ultrasonic cleaning has become the first choice in industries all over for more than twenty five years due to its ability to clean hinges, box joints as well as threads both effectively and quickly. When cleaning items though, there are a lot of variables that need to be taken into account. These include time, frequency, heat, power and detergent type as they all have an effect on the cleaning process. However, the flexibility of ultrasonics can incorporate all of these into the process so as to achieve results that are the most effective.

When the cavitation occurs as the bubbles implode, the gaps that are left by the bubble are filled quickly by the cleaning solution. As the fluid comes into contact with the surface of the item, all the contaminants that are present are removed.

Sometimes people get confused as to whether to use spray washers or undertake ultrasonic cleaning. Aqueous spray washers are ideal for a great many cleaning applications. Stand alone basket washers and multistage conveyorised equipment both can often attain quick throughput as well as high standards of cleanliness. In a few cases, soils that are heavy are better dealt with spray washing because of the impact of the pumped cleaning solution through the wash jets.

In other instances though, ultrasonic cleaning and spray washing both might attain the standard of cleanliness that is required as well as the throughput requirements. This makes the choice dependant on either preference or cost.

Though there are applications in which ultrasonic cleaning units offer a clear cut advantage over the spray washers. Examples of such instances include:

• Tubular components
• Lightweight or delicate components that may be susceptible to damage
• Components that may have deep or blind holes or other kinds of complex geometries

When achieving cleanliness standards that are measured in parts per billion or when achieving sub micron cleanliness standards then also ultrasonic cleaning is preferred over the use of spray washing.

More Ultrasonic Cleaning service visit here.

Pros of Using Process Skid Systems

Pros of Using Process Skid Systems

With the help of a process skid, carrying individual process parts becomes much easier. This is the best alternative that has been created for using traditional construction methods, which are quite effective in their own way but just have become rather outdated due to the fact that new technology has better uses in today’s world. For the purpose of carrying a complete process system, skids can be sued whenever required as they have been specifically made for the task. In order to support larger individual parts, a wide number of skids can be combined together for the purpose of making larger process systems in the long run.

It is important for people to know that the process skid is much portable in comparison with the traditional construction methods, which really could not be taken from one place to the other easily. Amongst one of the chief reasons for using this kind of process system is the very fact that they enable portability whenever required. These units are particularly built in frames, and this is what mainly allows them to be so portable in the first place. Therefore, individuals now do not have to worry even a bit about the transportation process since these systems actually take care of it all.

Increased Portability

Those who are interested in setting up more equipment in the process skid should be aware of the fact that they can easily do so. This id due to the fact that these systems are highly known for allowing people to set up more and more layers of equipment, whenever they are required. However, only some equipment should be fit into these systems and over-layering may make everything congested. Different sorts of skid systems have various design that all can be made according to adjust a good amount of equipment in it.

Equipment Layering

Used mainly in plants, the process skid system makes sure that all the connections in the plants are made easily. This is much better in comparison with the task that traditional systems carry out since instead of making such connections easier and faster, they make the connections long and spread all over the plants in general. This can be fully eliminated with the skid system and is the reason why skid systems have become so popular in a short period of time. The connections are all found in a single spot within skids, and that is why they are always highly recommended.

Close Connections

Another very prominent benefit of using the skid system is that skids are always constructed somewhere offsite and this has many advantages in both the short as well as the long run. This means that the other operations are not affected in any possible way, which is always what is required in the first place. This benefit is why skid system is really being used in different parts of the world due to many different reasons. The usage of this system is by far no hindrance for other operations at a plant, and thus, it is a top suggestion.

High End Accessibility

Usually found in the middle of plants, the skid systems are what connect everything together in a plant in order to provide individuals with a good amount of accessibility whenever they want or prefer on a day to day basis. As a part of its features, these systems are what bring everything together in the process of construction within a plant or anything as such. It may be placed someplace else at times, but mostly, these are found always within the center and everything is a skid system is supposed to be connected from one way or the other; hence, making it a very convenient system for all plants. 

The Increasing Demand for Ultrasonic Cleaning Explains

Over the past couple of years, ultrasonic cleaning has managed to trigger the attention of a massive amount of people from various locations of the world. This is due to the fact that it allows swift and highly effective cleaning of any sort of equipment that cannot be possible any other way. With all the convenience that this type of cleaning has to offer, more and more people can be seen to be going for it. According to many reports and surveys, this type of cleaning is being adapted more than any other cleaning method in the present times. Therefore, those who have not yet tried it out should most definitely do so at the earliest convenience.

Quick & Environment Friendly

Cleaning any type of equipment is definitely not an easy task and with traditional methods such as hand cleaning, it can take up to a lot of time and effort. Ultrasonic cleaning has been labeled as the best and the fastest, most efficient way for cleaning equipment in a short period of time. Moreover, this method for cleaning is fully eco-friendly, which gives everyone all the more reason to go for it in the case of having any equipment or commodity cleaned away from any kind of harmful contaminant or chemical residue. It does not affect the external environment in any possible way, which is precisely why it has been suggested by environment activists as well.

Increased Safety

Ultrasonic cleaning allows people to stay safe from inhaling any sort of harmful chemical infused gases or particles, for that matter. This is something that people should give a lot of consideration due to the fact that personal safety matters the most in the process of cleaning anything. Moreover, it also does not affect the skin in any harmful way, which is because of the fact that it is free of chemicals and everything as such.

Easy to Follow

On the other hand, ultrasonic cleaning is exceptionally easy to carry out, whenever it is required. All that is required from people is to place the instrument that is used for this type of cleaning into the washing tank, only to add water as well as the detergent into the washing machine for the purpose of beginning the cleaning process. The overall cleaning process hardly takes long and within a short period of time, people can clean away a huge amount of harmful residue from a wide range of different kinds of equipment and commodities, for that matter.

Best for Strong & Gentle Cleaning

One of the major reasons behind the success of this type of cleaning is the fact that it is not only used for larger, more heavier pieces of equipment, but it also offers people the chance to indulge in simple cleaning for smaller items such as jewelry pieces, precious stones and everything as much. Cleaning them off manually, with hand cleaning for instance, can actually damage such pieces and that is not what people want. Through this kind of effective cleaning, such items can be cleaned almost instantly without having to go through the risk of damaging them in the first place.

Highly Efficient & Unique

Ultrasonic cleaning is known to have a lot of efficiency, which means that it always gets the cleaning job done, and for all kinds of equipment and items. This type of cleaning works more fast than any washing machine or hand cleaning method out there, which is precisely why it is so highly recommended. As the world has gone through many technological changes and now offers the most high end means through which people can achieve top notch cleanliness, individuals should take advantage of this kind of cleaning as it is not only best in the short run, but it is also the most exclusive in the long run. 

More services on Ultrasonic Cleaning for marine sectors, visit here. 

Fresh water generator – Invention of the century

The earth is seventy percent water and though it may seem that there is water everywhere, only three percent of this water is fresh water and drinkable and the rest is all salty water which is not fit for drinking. Years ago, old cargo ships were required to carry huge supplies of fresh water for their crew when departing upon a long voyage. If there were a ship that would run out of water for drinking, it would be carrying a very miserable crew indeed. However, this has changed thanks to technology as in today’s era; almost all commercial ships are equipped with a fresh water generator. A fresh water generator is basically a kind of evaporator that converts salty sea water into water that is drinkable and fresh.

The whole idea behind a fresh water generator is actually quite simple. It serves the purpose of evaporating sea water with the use of a source of heat in order to separate the pure water from the salt, sediment and other elements. A diesel engine is usually used by fresh water generators as the heat source. However steam can also be used to serve the same purpose. Since fresh water generators often make use of existing heat in order to run, the cost of operation of these machines is quite low.

The fresh water generator has two main elements which are the heat exchanger and the condenser respectively. The heat exchanger serves the purpose of evaporating the water and the condenser condenses the fresh water vapor, turning it into water that is drinkable. The condenser is the element that cools down the vapor which is simply done by using cold sea water to cool the outside of the machine.

Fresh water generators should include a feature that can be used to monitor or check the salinity of the water that is processed. If the salinity were to exceed a particular level, which is usually between one and ten parts per million (ppm), the unit would automatically take the water back to the feed line so as to run it through the complete cycle again.

Fresh water generators these days are increasingly being used in desalination plants. These are usually and typically located in coastal areas and serve the purpose of providing the local community with fresh drinking water. They have become quite common in some communities of California as well as in the Middle East. As a response to drought as well as the concern over the availability of water in the growing number of cities, more and more desalination plants are likely to be built in the near future. One drawback though is that the costs that are involved in these desalination plants are quite high and so they are considered by communities only in those situations where they are faced with shortages of water from the sources that are traditional. So this poses a problem when the construction of desalination plants is given a thought as people only build them when needed.

In passenger and merchant ships, the application of fresh water generator becomes even more important and crucial. The ship based fresh water generator uses heat from ship’s engine and salt water from the sea and makes it drinkable through either evaporation method mentioned above or through the reverse osmosis process that is more expensive but produces bulk amount of drinkable water essential for drinking, washing and consumption of masses. All in all, the fresh water generator may end up preventing a world war by providing drinkable water made from all the water in the world thus eliminating the scarcity of this precious life source.  

How to Change a Plate Cooler Gasket

Introduction

Most of the times, a plate cooler gasket can be very dangerous to deal with if someone is not as experienced and if the machine they are handling is way too big for them to even consider touching. Plate cooler gaskets depend largely on the size of the machine; for huger machines, they are much bigger and only experienced people who work in teams can try and change them u if they leak or malfunction in any way. However, smaller plate cooler gaskets, like those installed in the vehicles, can be easily changed by normal people after a once over. Read on to know how this can be done.

Directions

First of all, one will have to lift the car and take off the engine cover to access the parts inside of it. After this, one needs to look for the plate gasket. Once they have looked for their target, they need to be able to drain out the engine oil. This is quite a common thing to do and thus, it has not been described in detail. Afterwards, one has to open up the manual of the vehicle to look for the coolant and then drain it out. When the oil filter starts to give out, put a muck bucket underneath it to catch the spillage. There are two lines in place one for coolant and the other for the filter and they are both connected together. Remove these two lines in order to move on. Be careful not to touch the exhaust fields or the hand will burn so, remove the oil cooler parts first, if possible.

Moving on, use a deep well oil socket in order to remove the oil connector but make sure that the oil cooler does not fall out since the connector also holds the oil cooler as well. Remove the oil plate gasket and make sure that everything is cleaned up properly and carefully before changing the appliances up. Use brake part cleaners and shop towels to do that otherwise the hands will get all smeary and dirty, messing up everything else. Get rid of all types of dust, grits, dirt and smears since new parts are supposed to be installed in very soon.

When the old parts have been cleaned, it is not time to put in the new plate cooler gasket. One must ensure that the new one bought is clean and free of all kinds of leakages and problems. Consult the manual to get to know more.

Now, before delving any further, start by swearing a bit of oil on the plate gasket to make sure that when it is put into the vehicle, it sails smoothly and fits in perfectly with the rest of the machine. It may expand a bit but that will not be a problem once the vehicle is up and running properly. Once it is placed safely in, start the engine again and get the car a bit warm. Now, put back everything that was taken apart earlier. The two lines connecting the oil cooler and the oil filter need to be reconnected and start screwing everything into place by hand. Then, it is time to connect the oil and coolant and to do that, make sure that the two lines are still a bit loose. After everything has been properly installed, start the car and drive away. Drive slowly for a bit before stepping on the race.

Manual

The user manual for the plate cooler gasket is, like always, the most helpful guides that readers will get from anyone. Many people just ignore the manuals and choose to do everything by themselves. This is a bad idea since it takes longer and the chances of error are greater. 

How Fresh Water Generators Work

A fresh water generator is amongst the most important things on a marine ship. With its assistance, one can easily get a fresh supply of water for the entire voyage without the fear of ever running out of conserves. This brilliant machine works to convert salty seawater into pure, drinkable water which is also used for bathing and cooking. It also produces clean water needed to run other machines as well. Thus, simply put, it is not a machine the crew on the ship or the travelers can do without. Most of the times, these generator are produced on the shop using methods like the evaporation method wherein the salt is removed from seawater.

The fresh water generator typically needs two things in abundance in order to properly function. First and foremost, it needs plenty of saltwater and secondly, it needs heat. Both of them are readily available on a trip. Typically the heat is taken from the waters used in the main engine jacket. Even though these waters are used for cooling, most of the times, the average temperature at which it functions is seventy degrees Celsius. However, the heat is still not enough since water boils at at least a hundred degrees Celsius. Thus, one will have to create a vacuum inside the chamber where water is set to evaporate. When the water is cooled down, it is collected and then transferred into the tank out of which water is used by the crew for different purposes. 

As for the actual body of the fresh water generator, it is not that complex. The main component of the body is a huge cylindrical component which has two distinct components. While one of the components condenses the water body, the other one works at evaporating it. Of course, there are also a number of pipes and valves to allow the water to travel to different parts of the generator. There is also an educator which is supposed to generate the required vacuum. There are also two types of pumps; the fresh water pump and the ejector pump which helps with the water flow through the generator.

Moving on, the crew of the ship must also learn how to start the fresh water generator. In order to make sure that the water that goes into the generator is purely seawater and not water that also consists of city waste, one must make sure that they are at least twenty nautical miles away from the shore of the city and that the water pumping into the generator is not that of a congested canal. The engine must be above 50 rpm so that the water is properly warmed up. After that, each and every valve of the generator must be checked to make sure that it is not clogged.

After that, look for the seawater pump in the fresh water generator and make sure that the pressure of the pump is good and then, wait for the vacuum to build up. After ten minutes, when the vacuum has accumulated to ninety percent, open the valve for the treatment process to begin. Afterwards, the hot water inlets and the outlets should be opened up slowly; half of them can be opened in the beginning. When the vacuum drops to eighty-five percent, open the fresh water valve to let the water out. Check it for purity using the appropriate appliances and only after that allow the water to travel to the tanks of the ship.

A fresh water generator truly is the best backup to have on a voyage since when one is on the sea, they never know for sure what problems may befall them. It is good to know that one has an unlimited supply of pure water. 

More Fresh Water Generators details here.